A diesel/ turbine engine drives an electric generator or hydraulic pump, which powers electric/hydraulic motors-strictly an electric/hydraulic transmission (not a hybrid), unless it can accept power from outside. Hybrid power trains use diesel-electric or turbo-electric to power railway locomotives, buses, heavy goods vehicles, mobile hydraulic machinery, and ships. The prototype uses a regular electric bicycle charge port.īus rapid transit of Metz, a diesel-electric hybrid driving system by Van Hool Active cooling keeps plastic parts from softening. A series hybrid electric-petroleum bicycle ( SHEPB) is powered by pedals, batteries, a petrol generator, or plug-in charger-providing flexibility and range enhancements over electric-only bicycles.Ī SHEPB prototype made by David Kitson in Australia in 2014 used a lightweight brushless DC electric motor from an aerial drone and small hand-tool sized internal combustion engine, and a 3D printed drive system and lightweight housing, altogether weighing less than 4.5 kg.In 1999 Harald Kutzke described an 'active bicycle': the aim is to approach the ideal bicycle weighing nothing and having no drag by electronic compensation. Until 2005 they built several prototype SH tricycles and quadricycles. In 1996 Jürg Blatter and Andreas Fuchs of Berne University of Applied Sciences built an SHB and in 1998 modified a Leitra tricycle (European patent EP 1165188).

In 1995 Thomas Muller designed and built a 'Fahrrad mit elektromagnetischem Antrieb' for his 1995 diploma thesis. In 1994 Bernie Macdonalds conceived the Electrilite SHB with power electronics allowing regenerative braking and pedaling while stationary. The first published prototype of an SHB is by Augustus Kinzel (US Patent 3'884'317) in 1975. They are commercially available, being simple in theory and manufacturing. In a series hybrid bicycle ( SHB) (a kind of chainless bicycle) the user pedals a generator, charging a battery or feeding the motor, which delivers all of the torque required.Most motorized bicycles, mopeds are of this type. using a hub motor, a roller pressing onto a tire, or a connection to a wheel using a transmission element. In a parallel hybrid bicycle human and motor torques are mechanically coupled at the pedal or one of the wheels, e.g.Early prototype motorcycles in the late 19th century used the same principle. Mopeds, electric bicycles, and even electric kick scooters are a simple form of a hybrid, powered by an internal combustion engine or electric motor and the rider's muscles. Vehicle types Two-wheeled and cycle-type vehicles

Plug hybrid electric vehicles